Table 1

Etiology of Portal Vein Thrombosis (modified from Sobhonslidsuk A.) [4]

Thrombophilic Disorders
Local factors

Inherited disorders
Infections/inflammation
High risk of thrombosis (low prevalence):
     Neonatal omphalitis
Antithrombin III deficit
     Appendicitis
     Protein C deficit
     Diverticulitis
     Protein S deficit
     Pancreatitis

     Cholecystitis
Low risk of thrombosis (high prevalence):
     Perforated peptic ulcer
     Leiden V factor mutation
     Tuberculous lymphadenitis
     Factor II mutation

Acquired disorders
Portal vein injury
     Malignancy
     Surgical shunts
     Myeloproliferative disorders
     Splenectomy
     Use of oral contraceptives
     Abdominal surgery
     Antiphospholipid syndrome
     Liver transplants
     Pregnancy and postpartum
     Blunt trauma
     Paroxysmal nocturnal

     hemoglobinuria

Mixed disorders
Cancer of the abdominal organs Cirrhosis
     Hyperhomocysteinemia


Caronna et al. World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2008 3:24   doi:10.1186/1749-7922-3-24